Day	27	문단 요약

패턴 대표 문항  2018학년도 수능 40

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸(A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Time spent on on-line interaction with members of one’s own, preselected community leaves less time available for actual encounters with a wide variety of people. If physicists, for example, were to concentrate on exchanging email and electronic preprints with other physicists around the world working in the same specialized subject area, they would likely devote less time, and be less receptive to new ways of looking at the world. Facilitating the voluntary construction of highly homogeneous social networks of scientific communication therefore allows individuals to filter the potentially overwhelming flow of information. But the result may be the tendency to overfilter it, thus eliminating the diversity of the knowledge circulating and diminishing the frequency of radically new ideas. In this regard, even a journey through the stacks of a real library can be more fruitful than a trip through today’s distributed virtual archives, because it seems difficult to use the available “search engines” to emulate efficiently the mixture of predictable and surprising discoveries that typically result from a physical shelf-search of an extensive library collection.

* homogeneous 동종의 ** emulate 따라 하다

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Focusing on on-line interaction with people who are engaged in the same specialized area can     (A)     potential sources of information and thus make it less probable for     (B)     findings to happen.

(A)	(B)

① limit	…… unexpected

② limit	…… distorted

③ diversify	…… misleading

④ diversify	…… accidental

⑤ provide	…… novel

2018학년도 9월 평가원 40

2701 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The weakness of local networks lies in their self-containment, for they lack input as well as outreach. In a classic study of urban politics, Herbert Gans found that neighborhoods with the highest levels of solidarity often were unable to block unfavorable policies and programs for lack of ties to possible allies elsewhere in the city. It was for this reason that Gans referred to them as “urban villagers.” As the opposite of local networks, cosmopolitan networks offer little solidarity and have little capacity to comfort and sustain members. But members benefit from a constant flow of new information and from the great reach of their influence, even if it tends to be somewhat lacking in strength. Local networks tend to be small. In contrast, cosmopolitan networks can be huge. Thus, while the “urban villagers” lacked ties even to their local city government, cosmopolitan network ties often lead into the White House.

* ally 동맹국, 협력자

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Unlike the “urban villagers,” whose     (A)     ties to the outside restrict them within their boundaries, cosmopolitan networks      (B)     from exposure to new information and a more extensive range of relationships.

(A)	(B)

① loose …… profit

② loose …… stem

③ loose …… withdraw

④ close …… profit

⑤ close …… stem

2018학년도 6월 평가원 40

2702 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When considered in terms of evolutionary success, many of the seemingly irrational choices that people make do not seem so foolish after all. Most animals, including our ancestors and modern day capuchin monkeys, lived very close to the margin of survival. Paleontologists who study early human civilizations have uncovered evidence that our ancestors faced frequent periods of drought and freezing. When you are living on the verge of starvation, a slight downturn in your food reserves makes a lot more difference than a slight upturn. Anthropologists who study people still living in hunter-gatherer societies have discovered that they regularly make choices designed to produce not the best opportunity for obtaining a hyper abundant supply of food but, instead, the least danger of ending up with an insufficient supply. In other words, people everywhere have a strong motivation to avoid falling below the level that will feed themselves and their families. If our ancestors hadn’t agonized over losses and instead had taken too many chances in going after the big gains, they’d have been more likely to lose out and never become anyone’s ancestor.

* agonize 괴로워하다, 고민하다

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Our ancestors gave priority to     (A)     minimum resources rather than pursuing maximum gains, and that was the rational choice for human     (B)     from an evolutionary perspective.

(A)	(B)

① securing	…… freedom

② sharing	…… interaction

③ identifying	…… exploration

④ sharing	…… prosperity

⑤ securing	…… survival

2017학년도 수능 40

2703 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The impacts of tourism on the environment are evident to scientists, but not all residents attribute environmental damage to tourism. Residents commonly have positive views on the economic and some sociocultural influences of tourism on quality of life, but their reactions to environmental impacts are mixed. Some residents feel tourism provides more parks and recreation areas, improves the quality of the roads and public facilities, and does not contribute to ecological decline. Many do not blame tourism for traffic problems, overcrowded outdoor recreation, or the disturbance of peace and tranquility of parks. Alternatively, some residents express concern that tourists overcrowd the local fishing, hunting, and other recreation areas or may cause traffic and pedestrian congestion. Some studies suggest that variations in residents’ feelings about tourism’s relationship to environmental damage are related to the type of tourism, the extent to which residents feel the natural environment needs to be protected, and the distance residents live from the tourist attractions.

* tranquility 고요함 ** congestion 혼잡

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Residents do not     (A)     tourism’s environmental influences identically since they take     (B)     postures based on factors such as the type of tourism, opinions on the degree of protection, and their distance from an attraction.

(A)	(B)

① weigh	…… dissimilar

② weigh	…… common

③ weigh	…… balanced

④ control	…… favorable

⑤ control	…… conflicting

2017학년도 9월 평가원 40

2704 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In science one experiment, whether it succeeds or fails, is logically followed by another in a theoretically infinite progression. According to the underlying myth of modern science, this progression is always replacing the smaller knowledge of the past with the larger knowledge of the present, which will be replaced by the yet larger knowledge of the future. In the arts, by contrast, no limitless sequence of works is ever implied or looked for. No work of art is necessarily followed by a second work that is necessarily better. Given the methodologies of science, the law of gravity and the genome were bound to be discovered by somebody; the identity of the discoverer is incidental to the fact. But it appears that in the arts there are no second chances. We must assume that we had one chance each for The Divine Comedy and King Lear. If Dante and Shakespeare had died before they wrote those works, nobody ever would have written them.

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While scientific knowledge is believed to progress through     (A)    experiments, an artistic work tends to be    (B)    to its creator with no limitless sequence implied.

(A)	(B)

① successive	…… unique

② successive	…… valuable

③ controlled	…… valuable

④ incidental	…… influential

⑤ incidental	…… unique

2017학년도 6월 평가원 40

2705 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Lawyers and scientists use argument to mean a summary of evidence and principles leading to a conclusion; however, a scientific argument is different from a legal argument. A prosecuting attorney constructs an argument to persuade the judge or a jury that the accused is guilty; a defense attorney in the same trial constructs an argument to persuade the same judge or jury toward the opposite conclusion. Neither prosecutor nor defender is obliged to consider anything that weakens their respective cases. On the contrary, scientists construct arguments because they want to test their own ideas and give an accurate explanation of some aspect of nature. Scientists can include any evidence or hypothesis that supports their claim, but they must observe one fundamental rule of professional science. They must include all of the known evidence and all of the hypotheses previously proposed. Unlike lawyers, scientists must explicitly account for the possibility that they might be wrong.

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Unlike lawyers, who utilize information     (A)     to support their arguments, scientists must include all information even if some of it is unlikely to     (B)     their arguments.

(A)           (B)

① objectively	…… weaken

② objectively	…… support

③ accurately	…… clarify

④ selectively	…… strengthen

⑤ selectively	…… disprove

2016학년도 수능 40

2706 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Performance must be judged in terms of what is under the control of the individuals being evaluated rather than those influences on performance that are beyond their control. There can be broad, influential factors, sometimes of an economic nature, that hold down the performance of everyone being judged. One example is in sales. If there is a general down turn in the economy and products or services are not being purchased with the same frequency a sin the previous year, sales could be down, for example, by an average of 15%. This 15% (actually –15%) figure would then represent “average” performance. Perhaps the best salesperson in the year had only a 3% drop in sales over the previous year. Thus, “good” performance in this situation is a smaller loss compared to some average or norm group.

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In performance evaluation, we should consider     (A)     factors affecting the individual’s performance rather than      (B)      figures only.

(A)	(B)

① contextual	…… put aside

② contextual	…… rely on

③ controllable …… put aside

④ positive	…… ignore

⑤ positive	…… rely on

2016학년도 9월 평가원 40

2707 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Certain species are more crucial to the maintenance of their ecosystem than others. Such species, called keystone species, are vital in determining the nature and structure of the entire ecosystem. The fact that other species depend on or are greatly affected by the keystone species is revealed when the keystone species is removed. It is in this sense that we should draw attention to fig trees. Different species of fig trees may be keystone species in tropical rain forests. Although figs collectively produce a continuous crop of fruits, fruit-eating monkeys, birds, bats, and other vertebrates of the forest do not normally consume large quantities of figs in their diets. During the time of year when other fruits are less plentiful, however, fig trees become important in sustaining fruit-eating vertebrates. Should the fig trees disappear, most of the fruit-eating vertebrates would be eliminated. Protecting fig trees in such tropical rain forest ecosystems is an important conservation goal because it increases the likelihood that monkeys, birds, bats, and other vertebrates will survive.

* fig 무화과  ** vertebrate 척추동물

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As a keystone species in tropical rain forests, fig trees support fruit-eating animals’ survival when other fruits are     (A)    , and thus      (B)     their ecosystem

(A)	(B)

① insufficient	…… preserve

② insufficient	…… create

③ poisonous	…… purify

④ poisonous	…… reshape

⑤ abundant	…… clean

2016학년도 6월 평가원 40

2708 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

There are two types of managers in business organizations: functional managers and project managers. Both types of managers have different roles and qualities. Functional managers head one of a firm’s departments such as marketing or engineering, and they are specialists in the area they manage. They are skilled at breaking the components of a system into smaller elements, knowing something of the details of each operation for which they are responsible. On the other hand, project managers begin their career as specialists in some field. When promoted to the position of project manager, they must transform from technical caterpillar to generalist butterfly. They oversee many functional areas, each with its own specialists. Therefore, what is required is an ability to put many pieces of a task together to form a coherent whole. Thus, to understand a frog, for example, functional managers cut it open to examine it, but project managers watch it swim with other frogs and consider the environment.

* caterpillar 애벌레

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In business organizations, compared with the functional managers who generally     (A)     what forms a system, project managers focus on    (B)     all of its elements.

(A)	(B)

① analyze	…… splitting

② analyze	…… combining

③ modify	…… distributing

④ assemble	…… dividing

⑤ assemble	…… blending

2015학년도 수능 40

2709 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Plato and Tolstoy both assume that it can be firmly established that certain works have certain effects. Plato is sure that the representation of cowardly people makes us cowardly; the only way to prevent this effect is to suppress such representations. Tolstoy is confident that the artist who sincerely expresses feelings of pride will pass those feelings on to us; we can no more escape than we could escape an infectious disease. In fact, however, the effects of art are neither so certain nor so direct. People vary a great deal both in the intensity of their response to art and in the form which that response takes. Some people may indulge fantasies of violence by watching a film instead of working out those fantasies in real life. Others may be disgusted by even glamorous representations of violence. Still others may be left unmoved, neither attracted nor disgusted.

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Although Plato and Tolstoy claim that works of art have a(n)     (A)     impact on people’s feelings, the degrees and forms of people’s actual responses     (B)     greatly.

(A)	(B)

① unavoidable …… differ

② direct	…… converge

③ temporary	…… fluctuate

④ unexpected	…… converge

⑤ favorable	…… differ

2015학년도 6월 평가원 40

2710 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

An ant turns right, left, and moves ahead over as andy hill. How can we explain the complexity of the path it chose? We can think up a sophisticated program in the ant’s brain, but it does not work. What we have overlooked is the ant’s environment. The ant may be following a simple rule: get out of the sun and back to the nest. Complex behavior does not imply complex mental strategies. The same holds for humans. The apparent complexity of a man’s behavior over time is largely a reflection of the complexity of the environment in which he finds himself. People adapt to their environments much as gelatin does; if you wish to know what form it will have when it solidifies, study the shape of the mold that holds the gelatin. To understand behavior, one has to look at both the mind and the environment.

* gelatin 젤라틴, 정제한 아교

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Although we tend to     (A)     complex behavior with complex mental operations,     (B)     factors need to be considered as well for a better understanding of such behavior

(A)	(B)

① associate	…… genetic

② associate	…… environmental

③ identify	…… psychological

④ replace	…… psychological

⑤ replace	…… environmental