Day	22	빈칸 추론_절, 문장 (2)

패턴 대표 문항  2018학년도 수능 33

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

In the less developed world, the percentage of the population involved in agriculture is declining, but at the same time, those remaining in agriculture are not benefiting from technological advances. The typical scenario in the less developed world is one in which a very few commercial agriculturalists are technologically advanced while the vast majority are incapable of competing. Indeed, this vast majority                   because of larger global causes. As an example, in Kenya, farmers are actively encouraged to grow export crops such as tea and coffee at the expense of basic food production. The result is that a staple crop, such as maize, is not being produced in a sufficient amount. The essential argument here is that the capitalist mode of production is affecting peasant production in the less developed world in such a way as to limit the production of staple foods, thus causing a food problem.

* staple 주요한 ** maize 옥수수 *** peasant 소농(小農)

① have lost control over their own production

② have turned to technology for food production

③ have challenged the capitalist mode of production

④ have reduced their involvement in growing cash crops

⑤ have regained their competitiveness in the world market

2018학년도 6월 평가원 33

2201 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

To make plans for the future, the brain must have an ability to take certain elements of prior experiences and reconfigure them in a way that does not copy any actual past experience or present reality exactly. To accomplish that, the organism must go beyond the mere ability to form internal representations, the models of the world outside. It must acquire the ability to             . We can argue that tool making, one of the fundamental distinguishing features of primate cognition, depends on this ability, since a tool does not exist in a ready-made form in the natural environment and has to be imagined in order to be made. The neural machinery for creating and holding ‘images of the future’ was a necessary prerequisite for tool-making, and thus for launching human civilization.

① mirror accurate images of the world outside

② manipulate and transform these models

③ visualize the present reality as it is

④ bring the models back from memory

⑤ identify and reproduce past experiences faithfully

2017학년도 9월 평가원 33

2202 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

A good deal of the information stored in working memory is encoded in an auditory form, especially when the information is language based. For example, in an early study by Conrad, adults were shown six letter sequences, with letters being presented visually, one at a time, at intervals of three-fourths of a second. As soon as the last letter of a sequence had been presented, participants in the study wrote down all six of the letters they had seen, guessing at any letters they couldn’t easily recall. When people recalled letters incorrectly, the letters they said they had seen were more likely to resemble the actual stimuli in terms of                  . For example, the letter F was “remembered” as the auditorially similar letter S 131 times but as the visually similar letter P only 14 times. Similarly, the letter V was remembered as B 56 times but as X only 5 times.

① how the letters were visually represented

② how the letters sounded than how they looked

③ how the length of the letter sequence was recognized

④ how the letters were ordered than how they were pronounced

⑤ how often the letters appeared than how long they were shown

2017학년도 9월 평가원 34

2203 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Even if it is correct to say that we express and represent our thoughts in language, it may be a big mistake to suppose that there are structural similarities between what is doing the representing and what is represented. Robert Stalnaker, in his book Inquiry, suggests an analogy with the representation of numbers: The number 9 can be represented as ‘12–3’ but it does not follow that 12, 3, or subtraction are constituents of the number 9. We could compare a thought and its verbal expression with toothpaste and its ‘expression’ from a tube. That the result of expressing toothpaste is a long, thin, cylinder does not entail that toothpaste itself is long, thin, or cylindrical. Similarly, a thought might get expressed out loud in a statement with a particular linguistic structure. It does not follow that                        . Suppose, for example, that I look at a fruit bowl, and think that there is an apple and an orange in that bowl. The objects in front of my eyes include some pieces of fruit and a bowl, but no object corresponding to the word ‘and’ exists either in the world or in my visual image.

* subtraction 빼기 ** entail 의미(함의)하다

① the thought itself has such a structure

② linguistic analysis of a thought is unlikely

③ the language in mind lacks a logical structure

④ a thought and its verbal expression are distinct

⑤ the sentence structurally differs from the thought

2016학년도 9월 평가원 32

2204 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Investigators as a personality type place a high value on science, process, and learning. They excel at research, using logic and the information gained through their senses to conquer complex problems. Nothing thrills them more than a “big find.” Intellectual, introspective, and exceedingly detail-oriented, investigators are happiest when they’re using their brain power to pursue what they deem as a worthy outcome. They                     , and they dislike overly structured environments that necessitate a set response to challenges. Investigators are not interested in leadership, and developing the interpersonal skills necessary to fuel collaboration is a hurdle for many of them. They may feel insecure in their ability to “keep up” in their fields and can react badly when forced to put more important work on hold to complete a task that doesn’t intrigue them.

* introspective 자기 성찰적인

** deem 여기다, 생각하다

① attempt to go with the flow

② prefer to march to their own beat

③ dare to take the lead from the front

④ tend to work shoulder to shoulder

⑤ pay more attention to assigned tasks

2015학년도 9월 평가원 32

2205 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Empathy is a character trait that we value in ourselves and in our friends, colleagues, and the professionals who serve us. The know-how to be empathetic is central to practical wisdom: unless we can understand how others think and feel, it’s difficult to know the right thing to do. But empathy has its dark side: too much understanding and sensitivity, too much seeing things from the other’s perspective, can              . Edmund Pellegrino, a scholar of bioethics, explains it like this: “If a physician identifies too closely as cosufferer with the patient, she loses the objectivity essential to the most precise assessment of what is wrong, of what can be done, and of what should be done to meet those needs. Excessive co-suffering also impedes and may even paralyze the physician into a state of inaction.”

* impede 방해하다

① block everlasting friendship

② justify doctors’ abuse of power

③ cloud judgment and paralyze choice

④ lead to a hasty but correct diagnosis

⑤ decrease doctors’ compassion for patients

2015학년도 9월 평가원 33

2206 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Bees have their choice of flora according to color. Lord Avenbury once made an experiment to see if the color of flowers attracted bees. Placing honey on slips of paper of different shades, he found that the insects which visited them seemed to have a marked preference for blue, after which came white, yellow, red, green and orange. This finding should be considered for our beekeeping planning. If pollination is the prime consideration of taming bees and if the crop is identified,                                        while planning. Let us consider beekeeping near a mustard field. Mustard gives tiny yellow flowers full of nectar and pollen. For better yield of mustard seeds, pollination is necessary. But if there is plenty of blue-colored wild flora nearby, bees may prefer the blue flowers to mustard. Although we shall get honey and other products, the objective for pollination of mustard may be defeated.

* flora 식물군

① bees’ preference for color should be put aside

② a greater harvest can be expected near blue flora

③ the quality of honey should be taken into account

④ the abundance of blue flora nearby must be ensured

⑤ the color of other floras nearby should be considered

2015학년도 9월 평가원 34

2207 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the mid-1900s, John Kenneth Galbraith shocked the field of economics when he insisted that consumers do not merely participate in the marketplace, they are also the product of the systematic deployment of power throughout society. Within this deployment of power, commercial media ensures that consumers adopt values and beliefs that match the general requirements of the economy. The individual’s participation in mass behavior patterns is                 . Consumers engage in shared patterns of consumption because they live within an economic system that operates as a belief system. It exercises considerable control over the meaning and value of things. When the economy functions as a belief system, it establishes severe limits on a consumer’s free choice. As consumers, our choices are not entirely our own. Our beliefs, values, thoughts, and emotions are highly conditioned to match the needs of the marketplace.

* deployment 배치

① not driven by commercial media’s agenda

② a product of unconditioned personal choice

③ not a spontaneous reaction to random forces

④ not affected by the needs of the marketplace

⑤ an outcome irrelevant to the economic system

2015학년도 4월 교육청 34

2208 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The ability to see the situation as the other side sees it, as difficult as it may be, is one of the most important skills a negotiator can possess. It is not enough to know that they see things differently. If you want to influence them, you also need to understand empathetically the power of their point of view and to feel the emotional force with which they believe in it. It is not enough to study them like beetles under a microscope; you need to know                 . To accomplish this task you should be prepared to withhold judgment for a while as you “try on” their views. They may well believe that their views are right as strongly as you believe yours are. You may see on the table a glass half full of cool water. Your spouse may see a dirty, half-empty glass about to cause a mark on the expensive furniture.

① what it feels like to be a beetle

② how scientists use the equipment

③ where you can find the right beetle

④ why a beetle is an important specimen

⑤ when an awkward situation takes place

2014학년도 9월 평가원 B 35

2209 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When confronted by a seemingly simple pointing task, where their desires are put in conflict with outcomes, chimpanzees find it impossible to exhibit subtle self-serving cognitive strategies in the immediate presence of a desired reward. However, such tasks are mastered                   . In one study, chimps were confronted by a simple choice; two plates holding tasty food items were presented, each with a different number of treats. If the chimp pointed to the plate having more treats, it would immediately be given to a fellow chimp in an adjacent cage, and the frustrated subject would receive the smaller amount. After hundreds and hundreds of trials, these chimps could not learn to withhold pointing to the larger reward. However, these same chimps had already been taught the symbolic concept of simple numbers. When those numbers were placed on the plates as a substitute for the actual rewards, the chimps promptly learned to point to the smaller numbers first, thereby obtaining the larger rewards for themselves.

① as immediate rewards replace delayed ones

② when an alternative symbol system is employed

③ if their desires for the larger rewards are satisfied

④ when material rewards alternate with symbolic ones

⑤ if the value of the number is proportional to the amount of the reward

2014학년도 7월 교육청 A 35

2210 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Desserts are hard to resist. But the resistance is a little easier when their scent is intense. According to a recent study in the journal Flavour, when we experience a strong complementary aroma with our food, we take smaller bites. The scent of coffee in a mocha dessert can be a good example. It is thought that there is some sort of feedback loop happening in our brains: a strong complementary smell makes us                 . Next time you serve a sweet treat at a dinner party, think about lighting a vanilla-scented candle. The scent of the candle may help your friends not overeat. Or when you order a dessert at a restaurant, pair it with strong-smelling coffee. You can find its flavor goes into effect.

① regain our appetite

② reduce our food intake

③ relax the mind and body

④ fall into a romantic mood

⑤ distinguish between different scents