Day	20	빈칸 추론_어구

패턴 대표 문항  2018학년도 수능 31

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Apocalypse Now, a film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola, gained widespread popularity, and for good reason. The film is an adaptation of Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness, which is set in the African Congo at the end of the 19th century. Unlike the original novel, Apocalypse Now is set in Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War. The setting, time period, dialogue and other incidental details are changed but the fundamental narrative and themes of Apocalypse Now are the same as those of Heart of Darkness. Both describe a physical journey, reflecting the central character’s mental and spiritual journey, down a river to confront the deranged Kurtz character, who represents the worst aspects of civilisation. By giving Apocalypse Now a setting that was contemporary at the time of its release, audiences were able to experience and identify with its themes more easily than they would have if the film had been                                         .

* deranged 제정신이 아닌

① a literal adaptation of the novel

② a source of inspiration for the novel

③ a faithful depiction of the Vietnam War

④ a vivid dramatisation of a psychological journey

⑤ a critical interpretation of contemporary civilisation

2018학년도 수능 32

2001 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

How many of the lunches that you ate over the last week can you recall? Do you remember what you ate today? I hope so. Yesterday? I bet it takes a moment’s effort. And what about the day before yesterday? What about a week ago? It’s not so much that your memory of last week’s lunch has disappeared; if provided with the right cue, like where you ate it, or whom you ate it with, you would likely recall what had been on your plate. Rather, it’s difficult to remember last week’s lunch because your brain has filed it away with all the other lunches you’ve ever eaten as just another lunch. When we try to recall something from a category that includes as many instances as “lunch” or “wine,” many memories compete for our attention. The memory of last Wednesday’s lunch isn’t necessarily gone; it’s that you lack                                          . But a wine that talks: That’s unique. It’s a memory without rivals.

① the channel to let it flow into the pool of ordinary memories

② the right hook to pull it out of a sea of lunchtime memories

③ the glue to attach it to just another lunch memory

④ the memory capacity to keep a box of sleeping memories

⑤ the sufficient number of competitors in a battle for attention

2018학년도 6월 평가원 31

2002 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Interest in extremely long periods of time sets geology and astronomy apart from other sciences. Geologists think in terms of billions of years for the age of Earth and its oldest rocks—numbers that, like the national debt, are not easily comprehended. Nevertheless, the                          are important for environmental geologists because they provide a way to measure human impacts on the natural world. For example, we would like to know the rate of natural soil formation from solid rock to determine whether topsoil erosion from agriculture is too great. Likewise, understanding how climate has changed over millions of years is vital to properly assess current global warming trends. Clues to past environmental change are well preserved in many different kinds of rocks.

① time scales of geological activity

② global patterns in species diversity

③ regional differences in time perception

④ statistical methods for climate projections

⑤ criticisms of geological period classifications

2017학년도 9월 평가원 32

2003 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

When people try to control situations that are essentially uncontrollable, they are inclined to experience high levels of stress. Thus, suggesting that they need to take active control is bad advice in those situations. What they need to do is to accept that somethings are beyond their control. Similarly, teaching people to accept a situation that could readily be changed could be bad advice; sometimes the only way to get what you want is to take active control. Research has shown that when people who feel helpless fail to take control, they experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Like stress, these negative emotions can damage the immune response. We can see from this that health is not linearly related to control. For optimum health, people should been couraged to take control to a point                                        .

① but to yield to the situations within their control

② but to disregard immune response when stressed

③ but to recognize when further control is impossible

④ and to fight against uncontrollable situations persistently

⑤ and to try harder to conquer uncontrollable stressful situations

2017학년도 6월 평가원 34

2004 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

One remarkable aspect of aboriginal culture is the concept of “totemism,” where the tribal member at birth assumes the soul and identity of a part of nature. This view of the earth and its riches as an intrinsic part of oneself clearly rules out mistreatment of the environment because this would only constitute a destruction of self. Totems are more than objects. They include spiritual rituals, oral histories, and the organization of ceremonial lodges where records of the past travel routes of the soul can be exchanged with others and converted to mythology. The primary motivation is the preservation of tribal myths and a consolidation and sharing of every individual’s origins in nature. The aborigines see                           , through a hierarchy of totems that connect to their ancestral origins, a cosmology that places them at one with the earth, and behavior patterns that respect ecological balance.

* aboriginal 원주민의  ** consolidation 병합, 강화

① themselves as incompatible with nature and her riches

② their mythology as a primary mo tive toward individualism

③ their identity as being self-contained from surrounding nature

④ their relationship to the environment as a single harmonious continuum

⑤ their communal rituals as a gateway to distancing themselves from their origins

2016학년도 수능 32

2005 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Some distinctions between good and bad are hardwired into our biology. Infants enter the world ready to respond to pain  as bad and to sweet (up to a point) as good. In many situations, however, the boundary between good and bad is a reference point that changes over time and depends on the immediate circumstances. Imagine that you are out in the country on a cold night, inadequately dressed for the pouring rain, your clothes soaked. A stinging cold wind completes your misery. As you wander around, you find a large rock that provides some shelter from the fury of the elements. The biologist Michel Cabanac would call the experience of that moment intensely pleasurable because it functions, as pleasure normally does, to indicate the direction of                                       . The pleasant relief will not last very long, of course, and you will soon be shivering behind the rock again, driven by your renewed suffering to seek better shelter.

* shiver 떨다

① a permanent emotional adjustment to circumstantial demands

② enhancing self-consciousness through physical suffering

③ a biologically significant improvement of circumstances

④ judging desirable and undesirable conditions impartially

⑤ a mentally pre-determined inclination for emotional stability

2016학년도 9월 평가원 33

2006 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

It is easy to find examples of correlations which are far more systematic than could occur by chance and yet which it would be absurd to treat as evidence of a direct causal link. For instance, there is a high degree of correlation between shoe size and vocabulary size: people with larger shoe sizes tend to have much larger vocabularies than people with smaller shoe sizes. But having larger feet does not cause anyone to gain a larger vocabulary; nor does having a large vocabulary cause your feet to grow. The obvious explanation of the correlation is that children tend to have much smaller feet than adults, and, because children acquire their vocabularies gradually as they grow older, it is hardly surprising that, on average, people with smaller feet have smaller vocabularies. In other words, foot size and vocabulary size can be explained in terms of                            from infancy to adulthood: ac a use which both observed phenomena have in common.

① by-products of language acquisition

② causal links between uncommon events

③ contrasts between physical and mental growth

④ cultural beliefs derived from social interactions

⑤ features of the process of human development

2015학년도 6월 평가원 31

2007 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The origins of contemporary Western thought can be traced back to the golden age of ancient Greece, when Greek thinkers laid the foundations for modern Western politics, philosophy, science, and law. Their novel approach was to pursue rational inquiry through adversarial discussion: The best way to evaluate one set of ideas, they decided, was by                          . In the political sphere, the result was democracy, in which supporters of rival policies vied for rhetorical supremacy; in philosophy, it led to reasoned arguments and dialogues about the nature of the world; in science, it prompted the construction of competing theories to try to explain natural phenomena; in the field of law, the result was the adversarial legal system. This approach is the foundation for the modern Western way of life, in which politics, commerce, science, and law are all rooted in orderly competition.

* adversarial 대립 관계의  ** vie 다투다, 경쟁하다

① forcing it upon the opponents

② pursuing a conventional standard

③ testing it against another set of ideas

④ promoting a consensus among supporters

⑤ rejecting competing theories without discussion

2015학년도 6월 평가원 32

2008 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

I would like to compare the shift from analog to digital film-making to the shift from fresco and tempera to oil painting in the early Renaissance. A painter making a fresco has limited time before the paint dries, and once it has dried, no further changes to the image are possible. Similarly, a traditional filmmaker has limited means of modifying images once they are recorded on film. Medieval tempera painting can be compared to the practice of special effects during the analog period of cinema. A painter working with temper a could modify and rework the image, but the process was painstaking and slow. The switch to oils greatly liberated painters by allowing them to quickly create much larger compositions as well as to modify them as long as necessary. Similarly,                               , digital technology redefines what can be done with cinema.

① by equating oil painting with analog film-making

② by allowing a filmmaker to treat a film image as an oil painting

③ with the shift from oil painting styles to fresco ones in making films

④ by integrating fresco painting techniques into the film-making process

⑤ with the introduction of tempera painting methods to cinematic special effects

2014학년도 9월 평가원 A 34

2009 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Do you remember the childlike joy you felt the last time you found a parking spot at the mall on a crowded day? When you finished shopping, you may have left the spot with a certain hesitation, particularly if someone else was waiting for it. Studies have shown that people take longer to leave a parking spot when another driver is waiting, even though they predict they will not. It’s as if the space suddenly becomes more valuable once another person wants it. Strictly speaking, it is no longer valuable to the person leaving it. After all, it seems that our brains are so                            that once we have been given something, we are hesitant to give it up.

① sensitive to loss

② resistant to order

③ receptive to new ideas

④ easily exposed to illness

⑤ reluctant to deal with time

2014학년도 9월 평가원 A 35, B 31

2010 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Wood is a material that is widely acknowledged to been environmentally friendly. It has been welcome as an alternative material for a long time in building houses instead of cement or bricks. However, it is not always easy to                        of one particular material such as wood over another. Many species of tree are now endangered, including mahogany and teak, and deforestation, particularly in tropical rainforests, has had a severe impact both on local communities and on native plants and wildlife. Where wood is harvested and then transported halfway across the globe, the associated energy costs are high, causing a negative impact on the environment. What is more, where wood is treated with chemicals to improve fire- and pest- resistance, its healthful properties are compromised.

* mahogany 마호가니(적갈색 열대산 목재)

① increase the inherent resistance

② favor the chemical properties

③ dominate the natural habitats

④ evaluate the relative merits

⑤ deny the cost advantage