Day	03	요지 파악

패턴 대표 문항  2018학년도 수능 21

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

One exercise in teamwork I do at a company retreat is to put the group in a circle. At one particular retreat, there were eight people in the circle, and I slowly handed tennis balls to one person to start throwing around the circle. If N equals the number of people in the circle, then the maximum number of balls you can have in motion is N minus 1. Why? Because it’s almost impossible to throw and catch at the same time. The purpose of the exercise is to demonstrate the importance of an individual’s action. People are much more concerned about catching the ball than throwing it. What this demonstrates is that it’s equally important to the success of the exercise that the person you’re throwing to catches the ball as that you are able to catch the ball. If you’re less concerned about how you deliver information than with how you receive it, you’ll ultimately fail at delegation. You have to be equally skilled at both.

* delegation 위임

① 구성원 간의 공통된 목표 의식이 협업의 필수 조건이다.

② 정확한 정보 이해는 신속한 업무 수행을 가능하게 한다.

③ 자유로운 의사소통 문화는 직무 만족도 향상에 기여한다.

④ 여가 활동을 함께하는 것도 협업의 효율성을 증가시킨다.

⑤ 협업에서는 정보를 전달하는 방식에도 능숙할 필요가 있다.

2018학년 9월 평가원 21

0301 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

People sometimes make downward social comparisons—comparing themselves to inferior or worse-off others—to feel better about themselves. This is self-enhancement at work. But what happens when the only available comparison target we have is superior or better off than we are? Can self-enhancement motives still be served in such situations? Yes, they can, as captured by the self-evaluation maintenance model. According to this theory, we shift between two processes—reflection and comparison—in a way that lets us maintain favorable self-views. In areas that are not especially relevant to our self-definition, we engage in reflection, whereby we flatter ourselves by association with others’ accomplishments. Suppose you care very little about your own athletic skills, but when your friend scores the winning goal during a critical soccer match, you beam with pride, experience a boost to your self-esteem, and take delight in her victory celebrations as if, by association, it were your victory too.

* flatter 치켜세우다, 아첨하다

① 타인과의 비교를 통해 자신에 대한 객관적 평가를 할 수 있다.

② 자기 분야와 관련 없는 사람들의 성공도 축하해 줄 필요가 있다.

③ 성취도가 낮은 사람들과의 비교는 자기발전에 도움이 되지 않는다.

④ 사람들은 성취도가 높은 사람과 자신을 비교하지 않는 경향이 있다.

⑤ 타인의 성취를 자신과 연결하여 긍정적인 자아상을 유지할 수 있다.

2017학년도 9월 평가원 21

0302 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

One of the most demanding, and at the same time inspiring, aspects of translating for children is the potential for such creativity that arises from what Peter Hollindale has called the ‘childness’ of children’s texts: ‘the quality of being a child—dynamic, imaginative, experimental, interactive and unstable.’ The ‘unstable’ qualities of childhood that Hollindale cites require a writer or translator to have an understanding of the freshness of language to the child’s eye and ear, the child’s affective concerns and the linguistic and dramatic play of early childhood. Translating sound, for example, whether in the read-aloud qualities of books for the younger child, in animal noises, children’s poetry or in nonsense rhymes, demands imaginative solutions—as indeed does working with visual material. Such multi-faceted creativity has, at times, placed children’s literature at the forefront of imaginative experimentation.

* multi-faceted 다면의

① 아동문학 번역에서는 아동의 특성에 기반을 둔 창의성이 요구된다.

② 아동문학 속 다양한 의성어는 아동의 창의성 발달에 도움이 된다.

③ 아동문학 번역가는 아동의 태도를 긍정적으로 변화시키는 데 기여한다.

④ 아동문학가는 아동의 성장 과정을 구체적으로 표현할 수 있어야 한다.

⑤ 아동문학은 아동 언어 발달에 도움이 되는 다양한 요소들을 담고 있다.

2017학년도 6월 평가원 21

0303 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

When we see a happy face (or an angry one), it subtly generates the corresponding emotion in us. To the degree we take on the pace, posture, and facial expression of another person, we start to inhabit their emotional space; as our body mimics the other’s, we begin to experience emotional matching. Our nervous system is automatically set to engage in this emotional empathy. But how well we use this capacity is largely a learned ability. Animals—and people—who have been raised in extreme social isolation are poor at reading emotional cues in those around them not because they lack the basic circuitry for empathy but because, lacking emotional tutors, they have never learned to pay attention to these messages and so haven’t practiced this skill.

① 긍정적인 감정은 더 많은 공감을 불러일으킨다.

② 사람과 동물은 모방하는 능력에서 차이를 보인다.

③ 타인과 공감하는 능력을 잘 사용하려면 학습이 필요하다.

④ 얼굴 표정은 상대방의 감정을 파악하는 중요한 단서이다.

⑤ 인간이 타인과 공감하는 정도는 신경계에 의해 결정된다.

2016학년도 수능 21

0304 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

The negative effects of extrinsic motivators such as grades have been documented with students from different cultures. Although this matter is more complex than simply regarding all extrinsic rewards as controlling or diminishing learning, we agree with Richard Ryan and his colleagues that people across different cultures are likely to express more satisfaction with their lives when their primary goals are intrinsic rather than extrinsic. Another consistent research finding is that when a learning activity is undertaken explicitly to attain some extrinsic reward, people respond by seeking the least demanding way of ensuring the reward. Since there are three decades of evidence that dominating instruction with a system of controlling external rewards may contribute to inferior learning, using a pedagogy based on theories of intrinsic motivation appears to be a more reasonable and effective approach to enhancing learning among culturally diverse students.

* pedagogy 교수법

① 적절한 외적 보상이 삶의 만족도를 향상시킨다.

② 학습자의 외적 동기와 내적 동기의 균형이 필요하다.

③ 문화적 다양성을 고려한 교육 이론의 확립이 중요하다.

④ 내적 동기의 교육적 기능에 대한 실질적인 연구가 시급하다.

⑤ 내적 동기 부여가 문화적 배경이 다른 학생들의 교육에 효과적이다.

2016학년도 9월 평가원 21

0305 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

There is strong research evidence that children perform better in mathematics if music is incorporated in it. It has been shown that mathematics is related with music in various known ways so much that not putting the relationship to good use in and out of school could only be to our disadvantage. Researchers at a Los Angeles school found that 136 second year elementary school pupils who learned to play the piano and read music improved their numeracy skills. This could be so since learning music emphasizes thinking in space and time, and when pupils learn rhythm, they are learning ratios, fractions and proportions. Other researchers investigated the ways in which first and third grade teachers could integrate music into their regular math classrooms. They concluded that music-math integrated lessons had positive effects on three mathematical ability areas of modeling, problem solving and application.

* fraction 분수

① 음악과 수학은 조기 교육이 필요하다.

② 음악보다 수학 교육의 중요성이 강조되고 있다.

③ 음악이 수학적 능력을 향상시키는 데 도움이 된다.

④ 수학은 문제 해결 능력에 기본이 되는 학문이다.

⑤ 수학적 원리를 음악 교육 현장에 반영하는 것이 좋다.

2015학년도 수능 18

0306 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

One difference between winners and losers is how they handle losing. Even for the best companies and most accomplished professionals, long track records of success are punctuated by slips, slides, and mini-turnarounds. Even the team that wins the game might make mistakes and lag behind for part of it. That’s why the ability to recover quickly is so important. Troubles are ubiquitous. Surprises can fall from the sky like volcanic ash and appear to change everything. That’s why one prominent scholar said, “Anything can look like a failure in the middle.” Thus, a key factor in high achievement is bouncing back from the low points.

① 경영의 전문화는 일류 기업의 조건이다.

② 위기 관리에는 전문가의 조언이 필요하다.

③ 합리적 소비는 필요와 욕구의 구분에서 비롯된다.

④ 폭넓은 인간 관계는 성공의 필수 요소이다.

⑤ 실패를 빨리 극복하는 것이 성공의 열쇠이다.

2015학년도 9월 평가원 21

0307 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

One reason many people keep delaying things they should do is that they fear they will do them wrong or poorly, so they just don’t do them at all. For example, one of the best ways to write a book is to write it as quickly as possible, getting your thoughts onto paper without regard to style. Then, you can go back to revise and polish your writing. If I only wrote when I knew it would be perfect, I’d still be working on my first book! Do you have a hard time relaxing if your house is a mess? Do you beat yourself up for making mistakes? I’ve got a simple message for you today: It’s time to let go of your perfectionism. It becomes a stumbling block that keeps you stuck.

① 잦은 실수는 큰 실수를 유발한다.

② 주변을 정리하는 습관이 중요하다.

③ 책을 집필하기 위해서는 인내가 필요하다.

④ 완벽주의는 일을 추진하는 데 방해가 된다.

⑤ 타인의 입장에서 생각하는 것이 바람직하다.

2015학년도 6월 평가원 20

0308 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

On the path to excellence, some obstacles may initially seem overwhelming. Every performer experiences this feeling, even the greatest performers in the world. If you believe that the obstacles are too great to overcome, you will prove yourself right even when you are wrong. Most seemingly impossible obstacles can be overcome by seeing possibilities, focusing on what is within your control, taking the first step, and then focusing on the next step and the next step after that. If your commitment becomes weak, remember your dream and why it is important to you, find simple joys in your daily pursuits, rejoice in the little victories or small steps forward, and embrace the process of ongoing learning. With a positive perspective and persistence, you will get through and find a way through all obstacles.

① 시작이 좋아야 큰 성공을 거둘 수 있다.

② 꿈을 이루기 위해 현실적인 목표를 세워야 한다.

③ 긍정적 시각과 끈기가 있으면 난관을 극복할 수 있다.

④ 갈등을 유발하지 않으려면 감정의 조절이 필요하다.

⑤ 지속적인 학습을 위해서는 동기부여가 필요하다.

2014학년도 수능 A 24, B 23

0309 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

In our efforts to be the good child, the uncomplaining employee, or the cooperative patient, many of us fall into the trap of trying to please people by going along with whatever they want us to do. At times, we lose track of our own boundaries and needs, and the cost of this could be our life, both symbolically and literally. When we are unable to set healthy limits, it causes distress in our relationships. But when we learn to say no to what we don’t feel like doing in order to say yes to our true self, we feel empowered, and our relationships with others improve. So don’t be afraid to say no. Try to catch yourself in the moment and use your true voice to say what you really want to say.

① 난관을 극복할 때 성취감이 생긴다.

② 항상 타인의 입장을 먼저 고려해야 한다.

③ 자신이 원하지 않는 일은 거절할 필요가 있다.

④ 자신의 의견을 고집하면 대인 관계가 악화된다.

⑤ 제안을 승낙하기 전에는 그 의도를 파악해야 한다.

2014학년도 9월 평가원 A 24, B 23

0310 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

When people expect to see someone again, they are more likely to find that person attractive, regardless of the individual’s behavior, than if they do not have expectations of future interaction. The expectation of future interaction motivates people to look for positive qualities in someone so that they will look forward to future interactions rather than dread them, and increases the chances that people will find the individual attractive. Conversely, when people interact with someone whom they do not foresee meeting again, they have little reason to search for positive qualities. In fact, doing so may be depressing, given that they may not have the opportunity to get to know the person better in future interactions. Indeed, people are sometimes motivated to find negative qualities in individuals whom they do not expect to see again.

① 다시 만날 가능성 여부가 상대방을 평가하는 데 영향을 준다.

② 바라는 것이 많을수록 상대방에 대한 단점을 발견하기 쉽다.

③ 상대방을 배려하는 자세가 원만한 대인 관계를 가능케 한다.

④ 타인에 대한 평가 기준으로 성격이 외모보다 우선시된다.

⑤ 첫인상은 상대방과의 향후 관계를 예측하는 기준이 된다.