Day	27	문단 요약

패턴 대표 문항  2017학년도 수능 40

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸(A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The impacts of tourism on the environment are evident to scientists, but not all residents attribute environmental damage to tourism. Residents commonly have positive views on the economic and some sociocultural influences of tourism on quality of life, but their reactions to environmental impacts are mixed. Some residents feel tourism provides more parks and recreation areas, improves the quality of the roads and public facilities, and does not contribute to ecological decline. Many do not blame tourism for traffic problems, overcrowded outdoor recreation, or the disturbance of peace and tranquility of parks. Alternatively, some residents express concern that tourists overcrowd the local fishing, hunting, and other recreation areas or may cause traffic and pedestrian congestion. Some studies suggest that variations in residents’ feelings about tourism’s relationship to environmental damage are related to the type of tourism, the extent to which residents feel the natural environment needs to be protected, and the distance residents live from the tourist attractions.

* tranquility: 고요함    **congestion: 혼잡

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Residents do not     (A)     tourism’s environmental influences identically since they take     (B)     postures based on factors such as the type of tourism, opinions on the degree of protection, and their distance from an attraction.

(A)	(B)

① weigh …… dissimilar

② weigh …… common

③ weigh …… balanced

④ control …… favorable

⑤ control …… conflicting

2017학년도 9월 평가원 40

2701 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In science one experiment, whether it succeeds or fails, is logically followed by another in a theoretically infinite progression. According to the underlying myth of modern science, this progression is always replacing the smaller knowledge of the past with the larger knowledge of the present, which will be replaced by the yet larger knowledge of the future. In the arts, by contrast, no limitless sequence of works is ever implied or looked for. No work of art is necessarily followed by a second work that is necessarily better. Given the methodologies of science, the law of gravity and the genome were bound to be discovered by somebody; the identity of the discoverer is incidental to the fact. But it appears that in the arts there are no second chances. We must assume that we had one chance each for The Divine Comedy and King Lear. If Dante and Shakespeare had died before they wrote those works, nobody ever would have written them.

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While scientific knowledge is believed to progress through (A)    experiments, an artistic work tends to be    (B)    to its creator with no limitless sequence implied.

(A)	(B)

① successive …… unique

② successive …… valuable

③ controlled …… valuable

④ incidental …… influential

⑤ incidental …… unique

2017학년도 6월 평가원 40

2702 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Lawyers and scientists use argument to mean a summary of evidence and principles leading to a conclusion; however, a scientific argument is different from a legal argument. A prosecuting attorney constructs an argument to persuade the judge or a jury that the accused is guilty; a defense attorney in the same trial constructs an argument to persuade the same judge or jury toward the opposite conclusion. Neither prosecutor nor defender is obliged to consider anything that weakens their respective cases. On the contrary, scientists construct arguments because they want to test their own ideas and give an accurate explanation of some aspect of nature. Scientists can include any evidence or hypothesis that supports their claim, but they must observe one fundamental rule of professional science. They must include all of the known evidence and all of the hypotheses previously proposed. Unlike lawyers, scientists must explicitly account for the possibility that they might be wrong.

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Unlike lawyers, who utilize information    (A)    to support their arguments, scientists must include all information even if some of it is unlikely to     (B)    their arguments.

(A)         (B)

① objectively …… weaken

② objectively …… support

③ accurately …… clarify

④ selectively …… strengthen

⑤ selectively …… disprove

2016학년도 9월 평가원 40

2703 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Performance must be judged in terms of what is under the control of the individuals being evaluated rather than those influences on performance that are beyond their control. There can be broad, influential factors, sometimes of an economic nature, that hold down the performance of everyone being judged. One example is in sales. If there is a general downturn in the economy and products or services are not being purchased with the same frequency as in the previous year, sales could be down, for example, by an average of 15%. This 15% (actually –15%) figure would then represent “average” performance. Perhaps the best salesperson in the year had only a 3% drop in sales over the previous year. Thus, “good” performance in this situation is a smaller loss compared to some average or norm group.

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In performance evaluation, we should consider    (A)    factors affecting the individual’s performance rather than    (B)    figures only.

(A)	(B)

① contextual …… put aside

② contextual …… rely on

③ controllable …… put aside

④ positive …… ignore

⑤ positive …… rely on

2016학년도 9월 평가원 40

2704 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Certain species are more crucial to the maintenance of their ecosystem than others. Such species, called keystone species, are vital in determining the nature and structure of the entire ecosystem. The fact that other species depend on or are greatly affected by the keystone species is revealed when the keystone species is removed. It is in this sense that we should draw attention to fig trees. Different species of fig trees may be keystone species in tropical rain forests. Although figs collectively produce a continuous crop of fruits, fruit-eating monkeys, birds, bats, and other vertebrates of the forest do not normally consume large quantities of figs in their diets. During the time of year when other fruits are less plentiful, however, fig trees become important in sustaining fruit-eating vertebrates. Should the fig trees disappear, most of the fruit-eating vertebrates would be eliminated. Protecting fig trees in such tropical rainforest ecosystems is an important conservation goal because it increases the likelihood that monkeys, birds, bats, and other vertebrates will survive.

* fig 무화과

** vertebrate 척추동물

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As a keystone species in tropical rain forests, fig trees support fruit-eating animals’ survival when other fruits are    (A)    , and thus      (B)     their ecosystem.

(A)	(B)

① insufficient …… preserve

② insufficient …… create

③ poisonous …… purify

④ poisonous …… reshape

⑤ abundant …… clean

2016학년도 6월 평가원 40

2705 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

There are two types of managers in business organizations: functional managers and project managers. Both types of managers have different rolesand qualities. Functional managers head one of a firm’s departments such as marketing or engineering, and they are specialists in the area they manage. They are skilled at breaking the components of a system into smaller elements, knowing something of the details of each operation for which they are responsible. On the other hand, project managers begin their career as specialists in some field. When promoted to the position of project manager, they must transform from technical caterpillar to generalist butterfly. They oversee many functional areas, each with its own specialists. Therefore, what is required is an ability to put many pieces of a task together to form a coherent whole. Thus, to understand a frog, for example, functional managers cut it open to examine it, but project managers watch it swim with other frogs and consider the environment.

* caterpillar 애벌레

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In business organizations, compared with the functional managers who generally    (A)    what forms a system, project managers focus on          (B)    all of its elements.

(A)         (B)

① analyze …… splitting

② analyze …… combining

③ modify …… distributing

④ assemble …… dividing

⑤ assemble …… blending

2015학년도 수능 40

2706 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Plato and Tolstoy both assume that it can be firmly established that certain works have certain effects. Plato is sure that the representation of cowardly people makes us cowardly; the only way to prevent this effect is to suppress such representations. Tolstoy is confident that the artist who sincerely expresses feelings of pride will pass those feelings on to us; we can no more escape than we could escape an infectious disease. In fact, however, the effects of art are neither so certain nor so direct. People vary a great deal both in the intensity of their response to art and in the form which that response takes. Some people may indulge fantasies of violence by watching a film instead of working out those fantasies in real life. Others may be disgusted by even glamorous representations of violence. Still others may be left unmoved, neither attracted nor disgusted.

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Although Plato and Tolstoy claim that works of art have a(n)    (A)       impact on people’s feelings, the degrees and forms of people’s actual responses    (B)    greatly.

(A)           (B)

① unavoidable …… differ

② direct …… converge

③ temporary …… fluctuate

④ unexpected …… converge

⑤ favorable …… differ

2015학년도 6월 평가원 40

2707 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

An ant turns right, left, and moves ahead over a sandy hill. How can we explain the complexity of the path it chose? We can think up a sophisticated program in the ant’s brain, but it does not work. What we have overlooked is the ant’s environment. The ant may be following a simple rule: get out of the sun and back to the nest. Complex behavior does not imply complex mental strategies. The same holds for humans. The apparent complexity of a man’s behavior over time is largely a reflection of the complexity of the environment in which he finds himself. People adapt to their environments much as gelatin does; if you wish to know what form it will have when it solidifies, study the shape of the mold that holds the gelatin. To understand behavior, one has to look at both the mind and the environment.

* gelatin 젤라틴, 정제한 아교

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Although we tend to    (A)    complex behavior with complex mental operations,    (B)    factors need to be considered as well for a better understanding of such behavior.

(A)          (B)

① associate …… genetic

② associate …… environmental

③ identify …… psychological

④ replace …… psychological

⑤ replace …… environmental

2014학년도 수능 B 40

2708 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Low-balling describes the technique where two individuals arrive at an agreement and then one increases the cost to be incurred by the other. For example, after the consumer has agreed to purchase a car for $8,000, the salesperson begins to add on $100 for tax and $200 for tires. These additional costs might be thought of as a metaphorical ‘low ball’ that the salesperson throws the consumer. One explanation for the effectiveness of low-balling is in terms of selfperception theory. When the consumer agrees to purchase the product under the original terms, that behavior might be used by the consumer to infer his sincere interest in the product. This inferred sincere interest in the product may enable him to endure the increased cost. An alternative explanation is in terms of impression management theory. If the consumer were to withdraw from the deal after the ‘slight’ change in the terms of agreement, he might foster the rather undesirable impression of being an irresponsible consumer unaware of these necessary charges.

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Low-balling is effective in sales contexts because the consumer, by not withdrawing from the deal, tends to    (A)    his purchase decision or tries to save    (B)    .

(A)      (B)

① justify …… time

② justify …… face

③ cherish …… time

④ modify …… face

⑤ modify …… trouble

2014학년도 9월 평가원 B 40

2709 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

During the 1970s, researchers began to suggest that human vulnerability to hazards, rather than the hazards themselves, was central to understanding the importance of hazards, particularly when considering that a city is a geographical focus for large populations. Further, it was reported that human and material losses from disasters had increased during the 20th century. This happened at a time when cities in the developing world were growing at unprecedented rates, bringing together large populations of low income urban residents, often on hazardous spontaneous settlements which made them far more vulnerable to natural and human-induced hazards. It is precisely this issue of vulnerability on which a number of social scientists focused, arguing that although floods, landslides and earthquakes are natural processes, the disasters that can be associated with them are not a result of natural processes, but of human vulnerability.

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With the dramatic growth of    (A)    in developing countries, environmental hazards could turn into disasters for those who are unable to    (B)    their impacts.

(A)         (B)

① population …… magnify

② economy …… figure out

③ economy …… cope with

④ cities …… cope with

⑤ cities …… magnify

2013학년도 수능 45

2710 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

“Why, in country after country that mandated seat belts, was it impossible to see the promised reduction in road accident fatalities?” John Adams, professor of geography at University College London, wrote in one of his many essays on risk. “It appears that measures that protect drivers from the consequences of bad driving encourage bad driving. The principal effect of seat belt legislation has been a shift in the burden of risk from those already best protected in cars, to the most vulnerable, pedestrians and cyclists, outside cars.”

Adams started to group these counterintuitive findings under the concept of risk compensation, the idea that humans have an inborn tolerance for risk. As safety features are added to vehicles and roads, drivers feel less vulnerable and tend to take more chances. The phenomenon can be observed in all aspects of our daily lives. Children who wear protective gear during their games have a tendency to take more physical risks. Hikers take more risks when they think a rescuer can access them easily.

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According to John Adams, the phenomenon that safety measures   (A)    careless driving may be accounted for by the notion that a greater sense of security    (B)    people to take more risks.

(A)             (B)

① contribute to …… tempts

② contribute to …… forbids

③ discourage …… tempts

④ discourage …… forces

⑤ discourage …… forbids