Day	20	빈칸 추론_어구

패턴 대표 문항  2016학년도 수능 32

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Some distinctions between good and bad are hardwired into our biology. Infants enter the world ready to respond to pain as bad and to sweet (up to a point) as good. In many situations, however, the boundary between good and bad is a reference point that changes over time and depends on the immediate circumstances. Imagine that you are out in the country on a cold night, inadequately dressed for the pouring rain, your clothes soaked. A stinging cold wind completes your misery. As you wander around, you find a large rock that provides some shelter from the fury of the elements. The biologist Michel Cabanac would call the experience of that moment intensely pleasurable because it functions, as pleasure normally does, to indicate the direction of _____________________. The pleasant relief will not last very long, of course, and you will soon be shivering behind the rock again, driven by your renewed suffering to seek better shelter.

* shiver 떨다

① a permanent emotional adjustment to circumstantial demands

② enhancing self-consciousness through physical suffering

③ a biologically significant improvement of circumstances

④ judging desirable and undesirable conditions impartially

⑤ a mentally pre-determined inclination for emotional stability

2017학년도 9월 평가원 32

2001 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

When people try to control situations that are essentially uncontrollable, they are inclined to experience high levels of stress. Thus, suggesting that they need to take active control is bad advice in those situations. What they need to do is to accept that some things are beyond their control. Similarly, teaching people to accept a situation that could readily be changed could be bad advice; sometimes the only way to get what you want is to take active control. Research has shown that when people who feel helpless fail to take control, they experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Like stress, these negative emotions can damage the immune response. We can see from this that health is not linearly related to control. For optimum health, people should be encouraged to take control to a point ___________________________________________.

① but to yield to the situations within their control

② but to disregard immune response when stressed

③ but to recognize when further control is impossible

④ and to fight against uncontrollable situations persistently

⑤ and to try harder to conquer uncontrollable stressful situations

2017학년도 6월 평가원 34

2002 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

One remarkable aspect of aboriginal culture is the concept of “totemism,” where the tribal member at birth assumes the soul and identity of a part of nature. This view of the earth and its riches as an intrinsic part of oneself clearly rules out mistreatment of the environment because this would only constitute a destruction of self. Totems are more than objects. They include spiritual rituals, oral histories, and the organization of ceremonial lodges where records of the past travel routes of the soul can be exchanged with others and converted to mythology. The primary motivation is the preservation of tribal myths and a consolidation and sharing of every individual’s origins in nature. The aborigines see __________________________, through a hierarchy of totems that connect to their ancestral origins, a cosmology that places them at one with the earth, and behavior patterns that respect ecological balance.

* aboriginal 원주민의

** consolidation 병합, 강화

① themselves as incompatible with nature and her riches

② their mythology as a primary mo tive toward individualism

③ their identity as being self-contained from surrounding nature

④ their relationship to the environment as a single harmonious continuum

⑤ their communal rituals as a gateway to distancing themselves from their origins

2016학년도 9월 평가원 33

2003 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

It is easy to find examples of correlations which are far more systematic than could occur by chance and yet which it would be absurd to treat as evidence of a direct causal link. For instance, there is a high degree of correlation between shoe size and vocabulary size: people with larger shoe sizes tend to have much larger vocabularies than people with smaller shoe sizes. But having larger feet does not cause anyone to gain a larger vocabulary; nor does having a large vocabulary cause your feet to grow. The obvious explanation of the correlation is that children tend to have much smaller feet than adults, and, because children acquire their vocabularies gradually as they grow older, it is hardly surprising that, on average, people with smaller feet have smaller vocabularies. In other words, foot size and vocabulary size can be explained in terms of ____________________ from infancy to adulthood: a cause which both observed phenomena have in common.

① by-products of language acquisition

② causal links between uncommon events

③ contrasts between physical and mental growth

④ cultural beliefs derived from social interactions

⑤ features of the process of human development

2015학년도 6월 평가원 31

2004 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The origins of contemporary Western thought can be traced back to the golden age of ancient Greece, when Greek thinkers laid the foundations for modern Western politics, philosophy, science, and law. Their novel approach was to pursue rational inquiry through adversarial discussion: The best way to evaluate one set of ideas, they decided, was by _____________________. In the political sphere, the result was democracy, in which supporters of rival policies vied for rhetorical supremacy; in philosophy, it led to reasoned arguments and dialogues about the nature of the world; in science, it prompted the construction of competing theories to try to explain natural phenomena; in the field of law, the result was the adversarial legal system. This approach is the foundation for the modern Western way of life, in which politics, commerce, science, and law are all rooted in orderly competition.

* adversarial 대립 관계의

** vie 다투다, 경쟁하다

① forcing it upon the opponents

② pursuing a conventional standard

③ testing it against another set of ideas

④ promoting a consensus among supporters

⑤ rejecting competing theories without discussion

2015학년도 6월 평가원 32

2005 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

I would like to compare the shift from analog to digital film-making to the shift from fresco and tempera to oil painting in the early Renaissance. A painter making a fresco has limited time before the paint dries, and once it has dried, no further changes to the image are possible. Similarly, a traditional filmmaker has limited means of modifying images once they are recorded on film. Medieval tempera painting can be compared to the practice of special effects during the analog period of cinema. A painter working with tempera could modify and rework the image, but the process was painstaking and slow. The switch to oils greatly liberated painters by allowing them to quickly create much larger compositions as well as to modify them as long as necessary. Similarly, _____________________________, digital technology redefines what can be done with cinema.

① by equating oil painting with analog film-making

② by allowing a filmmaker to treat a film image as an oil painting

③ with the shift from oil painting styles to fresco ones in making films

④ by integrating fresco painting techniques into the film-making process

⑤ with the introduction of tempera painting methods to cinematic special effects

2014학년도 9월 평가원 A 34

2006 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Do you remember the childlike joy you felt the last time you found a parking spot at the mall on a crowded day? When you finished shopping, you may have left the spot with a certain hesitation, particularly if someone else was waiting for it. Studies have shown that people take longer to leave a parking spot when another driver is waiting, even though they predict they will not. It’s as if the space suddenly becomes more valuable once another person wants it. Strictly speaking, it is no longer valuable to the person leaving it. After all, it seems that our brains are so ___________________ that once we have been given something, we are hesitant to give it up.

① sensitive to loss

② resistant to order

③ receptive to new ideas

④ easily exposed to illness

⑤ reluctant to deal with time

2014학년도 9월 평가원 A 35, B 31

2007 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Wood is a material that is widely acknowledged to be environmentally friendly. It has been welcome as an alternative material for a long time in building houses instead of cement or bricks. However, it is not always easy to ______________________ of one particular material such as wood over another. Many species of tree are now endangered, including mahogany and teak, and deforestation, particularly in tropical rainforests, has had a severe impact both on local communities and on native plants and wildlife. Where wood is harvested and then transported halfway across the globe, the associated energy costs are high, causing a negative impact on the environment. What is more, where wood is treated with chemicals to improve fire- and pest- resistance, its healthful properties are compromised.

* mahogany 마호가니(적갈색 열대산 목재)

① increase the inherent resistance

② favor the chemical properties

③ dominate the natural habitats

④ evaluate the relative merits

⑤ deny the cost advantage

2014학년도 6월 평가원 B 32

2008 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Rust Belt is notorious for its poor air quality. For decades, coal plants, steel production, and auto emissions have pumped particulates like sulfate into the atmosphere over the eastern U.S. Especially before air quality laws began appearing in the 1970s, particulate pollution was behind acid rain, respiratory disease, and ozone depletion. But a new study from Harvard University suggests that the Rust Belt’s thick particulate fog may have helped slow down the effects of climate change, particularly when it was thickest. Throughout the 20th century, global temperatures have gone up by just under one degree Celsius. But in the U.S., eastern and central states haven’t seen the same rise. In fact, temperatures there actually decreased over the same period. The reason seems to be particulate pollution. Instead of trapping warm air in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, fine particles like sulfate reflect the sun’s light and heat. They may even group with watery cloud droplets, which do the same thing. The effect is _________________________.

* particulate 분진, 미립 물질

① an accumulation of carbon dioxide

② a net cooling across entire regions

③ a steep acceleration of global warming

④ a significant improvement in air quality

⑤ a slow but steady increase in temperatures

2013학년도 6월 평가원 24

2009 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The sun is slowly getting brighter as its core contracts and heats up. In a billion years it will be about 10 percent brighter than today, heating the planet to an uncomfortable degree. Water evaporating from the oceans may set off a runaway greenhouse effect that turns Earth into a damp version of Venus, wrapped permanently in a thick, white blanket of cloud. Or the transformation may take some time and be more gentle, with an increasingly hot and cloudy atmosphere able to shelter microbial life for some time. Either way, water will escape into the stratosphere and be broken down by UV light into oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen will be left in the stratosphere — perhaps misleading aliens into thinking the planet is still inhabited — while the hydrogen is light enough to escape into space. So our water will gradually __________________.

* microbial 미생물의

** stratosphere 성층권

① leak away	② be frozen

③ flow over	④ get polluted

⑤ accumulate

2013학년도 6월 평가원 27

2010 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Lifeline infrastructures are vital systems that support a nation’s economy and quality of life. Modern economies rely on the ability to move goods, people, and information safely and reliably. Adding to their importance is that many of the lifeline systems serve vital roles in disaster recovery. Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to government, business, and the public at large that the flow of services provided by a nation’s infrastructure continues unimpeded in the face of a broad range of natural and technological hazards. The linkage between systems and services is critical to any discussion of infrastructure. Although it is the performance of the hardware (i.e., the highways, pipes, and transmission lines) that is of immediate concern following an earthquake, it is actually the loss of services that these systems provide that is the real loss to the public. Therefore, a high priority in protecting these systems from hazards is ensuring _________________________.

① an early alarm system for economic crises

② the durability and stability of transmission lines

③ the continuity, or at least the rapid restoration, of service

④ aprompt mobilization of experts for disaster control

⑤ the maintenance and expansion of lifeline systems