Day	19	빈칸 추론_어휘

패턴 대표 문항  2017학년도 수능 31

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The creativity that children possess needs to be cultivated throughout their development. Research suggests that overstructuring the child’ environment may actually limit creative and academic development. This is a central problem with much of science instruction. The exercises or activities are devised to eliminate different options and to focus on predetermined results. The answers are structured to fit the course assessments, and the wonder of science is lost along with cognitive intrigue. We define cognitive intrigue as the wonder that stimulates and intrinsically motivates an individual to voluntarily engage in an activity. The loss of cognitive intrigue may be initiated by the sole use of play items with predetermined conclusions and reinforced by rote instruction in school. This is exemplified by toys, games, and lessons that are a(n) ____________ in and of themselves and require little of the individual other than to master the planned objective.

* rote : 기계적인암기

① end

② input

③ puzzle

④ interest

⑤ alternative

2017학년도 9월 평가원 31

1901 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

A sleeping mother has the ability to identify the particular cry of her own baby. This is one of the bonding factors that has been forgotten because of the way in which we live today. Typically, there is now only one newborn baby in any family house or apartment, so there is no way to test this ability. In an ancient tribe, however, living in small huts in a tiny village settlement, a mother would have been able to hear any of the babies crying in the night. If she woke up every time one of them screamed for food, she might get no sleep at all. During the course of evolution she became programmed to awake only at the sound of her own particular baby. This _____________ is still there to this day, even though it is seldom used.

① affection	② creativity	③ sociability

④ intolerance	⑤ sensitivity

2017학년도 6월 평가원 31

1902 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Once a hand or gripper has been directed to an object by reaching, it can be grasped. Grasping requires that fingers hold an object securely. A secure grip is one in which the object won’t slip or move, especially when displaced by an external force. Your grasp on a hammer, for example, would not be secure if knocking against something caused you to drop it. One precondition of a firm grasp is that the forces applied by the fingers balance each other so as not to disturb the object’s position. The characteristics of an object such as its geometric configuration and mass distribution may demand that some fingers apply greater force than others to maintain ___________. The grasp and support forces must also match overall object mass and fragility. An egg requires a more delicate touch than a rock.

* geometric configuration 기하학적 형태

** fragility 부서지기 쉬움

① distance	② efficiency

③ mobility	④ direction

⑤ stability

2016학년도 수능 31

1903 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

When two cultures come into contact, they do not exchange every cultural item. If that were the case, there would be no cultural differences in the world today. Instead, only a small number of cultural elements ever spread from one culture to another. Which cultural item is accepted depends largely on the item’s use and compatibility with already existing cultural traits. For example, it is not likely that men’s hair dyes designed to “get out the gray” will spread into parts of rural Africa where a person’s status is elevated with advancing years. Even when a(n) _______________ is consistent with a society’s needs, there is still no guarantee that it will be accepted. For example, most people in the United States using US customary units (e.g., inch, foot, yard, mile, etc.) have resisted adopting the metric system even though making such a change would enable US citizens to interface with the rest of the world more efficiently.

* metric system 미터법

① categorization	② innovation

③ investigation	④ observation

⑤ specification

2016학년도 9월 평가원 31

1904 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Early human societies were nomadic, based on hunting and gathering, and, in a shifting pattern of life in search of new sources of food, qualities such as lightness, portability, and adaptability were dominant criteria. With the evolution of more settled rural societies based on agriculture, other characteristics, other traditions of form appropriate to the new patterns of life, rapidly emerged. It must be emphasized, however, that tradition was not static, but constantly subject to minute variations appropriate to people and their circumstances. Although traditional forms reflected the experience of social groups, specific manifestations could be adapted in various minute and subtle ways to suit individual users’ needs. A chair could keep its basic, accepted characteristics while still being closely shaped in detail to the physique and proportions of a specific person. This basic principle of ___________ allowed a constant stream of incremental modifications to be introduced, which, if demonstrated by experience to be advantageous, could be integrated back into the mainstream of tradition.

* manifestation 외적 형태, 표시

** physique 체격

*** incremental (점진적으로) 증가하는

① dedication	② customization

③ cooperation	④ generalization

⑤ preservation

2016학년도 6월 평가원 31

1905 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

In an increasingly globalized world, literature in translation has an especially important role. Increasingly, writers, readers, and publishers are turning to literature as a bridge between cultures, particularly Western and Arab societies. This growing interest is, in turn, driving a boom in translation. However, not surprisingly perhaps, most translations are from English into other languages, not from another language, such as Arabic, into English. Hence, the huge American market is seen as driving the ___________. Bookstores in the United States, for example, rarely stock more than Nobel Prize winner Naguib Mahfouz’s Cairo Trilogy, a masterful, realistic account of life in Cairo and of a merchant family in the mid-20th century. Western readers likely know little of Mahfouz’s more experimental work, his political and religious allegories, or his historical dramas. The result is a kind of one-way mirror between America and the rest of the world.

* allegory 우화, 풍자

① equality	② diversity

③ interaction	④ imbalance

⑤ uncertainty

2015학년도 6월 평가원 30

1906 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The true champion recognizes that excellence often flows most smoothly from __________, a fact that can get lost in these high-tech days. I used to train with a world-class runner who was constantly hooking himself up to pulse meters and pace keepers. He spent hours collecting data that he thought would help him improve. In fact, a good 25 percent of his athletic time was devoted to externals other than working out. Sports became so complex for him that he forgot how to enjoy himself. Contrast his approach with that of the late Abebe Bikila, the Ethiopian who won the 1960 Olympic Marathon running barefoot. High-tech clothing and digital watches were not part of his world. Abebe Bikila simply ran. Many times in running, and in other areas of life, less is more.

① talent	② patience

③ simplicity	④ generosity

⑤ confidence

2014학년도 수능 B 36

1907 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

F. Scott Fitzgerald thought that the test of first-rate intelligence was the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still function. The eons shaped our brains in the     (A)     direction. Confirmation bias is a term for the way the mind systematically avoids confronting contradiction. It does this by overvaluing evidence that confirms what we already think or feel and undervaluing or simply disregarding evidence that refutes it. Testimony from members of the Crow tribe about the destruction of their culture provides an extreme and tragic example of this. A man named Plenty Coups reported that “when the buffalo went away, the hearts of my people fell to the ground and they could not lift them up again. After this nothing happened.” He was not alone in describing the depth of despair as the end of history. “Nothing happened after that,” another Crow warrior said. “We just lived.” The emotion was so strong that the brain     (B)     evidence of the continued existence of normal, everyday life that might have eased it.

* eon 무한히 긴 시대, 영겁

(A)	(B)

① opposite	……	retained

② opposite	……	rejected

③ wrong	……	validated

④ same	……	falsified

⑤ same	……	overlooked

2014학년도 9월 평가원 B 36

1908 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

After making a choice, the decision ultimately changes our estimated pleasure, enhancing the expected pleasure from the selected option and decreasing the expected pleasure from the rejected option. If we were not inclined to     (A)     the value of our options rapidly so that they concur with our choices, we would likely second-guess ourselves to the point of insanity. We would ask ourselves again and again whether we should have chosen Greece over Thailand, the toaster over the coffee maker, and Jenny over Michele. Consistently second-guessing ourselves would interfere with our daily functioning and promote a negative effect. We would feel anxious and confused, regretful and sad. Have we done the right thing? Should we change our mind? These thoughts would result in a permanent halt. We would find ourselves — literally — stuck, overcome by     (B)     and unable to move forward. On the other hand, reevaluating our alternatives after making a decision increases our commitment to the action taken and keeps us moving forward.

(A)	(B)

① disregard	……	indecision

② disregard	……	decision

③ disclose	……	decision

④ update	……	prejudice

⑤ update	……	indecision

2013학년도 수능 28

1909 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

To describe what happens to common resources as a result of human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture on which all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals free of charge. Each cattle-owner seeks to     (A)     his gain and in doing so considers the relative advantage and disadvantage of adding one more animal to the herd. The advantage is that the cattle-owner receives the whole of the profit from the sale of the additional animal. The disadvantage is that the extra grazing contributes to the deterioration of the pasture. However, the disadvantage is shared among all the cattle-owners using the pasture, so the individual owner suffers only a fraction of the disadvantage. Consequently, the advantage is bound to     (B)     the disadvantage. Thus, it is inevitable that more and more animals will be brought onto the pasture until overgrazing totally destroys the pasture.

(A)	(B)

① maximize	……	equal

② distribute	……	diminish

③ maximize	……	exceed

④ distribute	……	outweigh

⑤ maximize	……	minimize

2013학년도 6월 평가원 29

1910 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The greatest errors in judging a person are made by his parents; this is a fact, but how is one to explain it? Do the parents have too much experience of the child, and can they no longer compose it into a unity? We notice that travelers in a strange land grasp correctly the common, distinctive traits of a people only in the first period of their stay; the more they get to know a people, the more they     (A)     how to see what is typical and distinctive about it. As soon as they see up close, they stop being farsighted. Might parents judge their children wrongly because they have never stood far enough off from them? A quite different explanation would be the following: people tend to stop thinking about things that are closest to them, and simply     (B)     them. When parents are required to judge their children, it is perhaps their customary thoughtlessness that makes them judge so mistakenly.

(A)	(B)

① forget	……	accept

② learn	……	ignore

③ seek	……	conceal

④ neglect	……	analyze

⑤ understand	……	embrace